Present Progressive Form Of Leer
Spanish uses this perífrasis verbal much less oftentimes than English uses its equivalent form, the present progressive, and so before you reach for a word-for-word translation of a sentence, it's important to understand when the present progressive is appropriate in English language.
Comes [nowadays indicative] un taco. He/She is eating [present progressive] a taco.
Está comiendo [present progressive] un taco. He/She is eating [present progressive] a taco.
Spanish often simply uses the nowadays (indicative) tense to talk well-nigh something currently occurring. The use of the present progressive adds an extra layer of significant and specificity that may not be equally immediately apparent to English speakers.
We beverage vino and spotter the sunset.
We are drinking vino and watching the sunset.
Though the 2d instance may withal feel more than natural, you lot tin encounter how in that location is more focus on the fact that the action is currently progressing as you speak of it. Spanish speakers take advantage of this option, with the more than default option being the nowadays indicative, and this perífrasis exact being used to describe attention to the continuity of the activity taking place or add emphasis. So what is a perífrasis verbal? Information technology's the Spanish term for the combination of estar + gerundio (similar the English equivalent ending in -ing).
Although Spanish doesn't technically have a present progressive tense, the perífrasis exact plays a similar functional role to the present progressive in other languages. For the sake of simplicity in comparing the two for an English-speaking audience, we'll refer to this construction as nowadays progressive in both.
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How to Form the Present Progressive
Conjugating the present progressive requires changing more than one verb. As you lot may take already noticed, information technology is formed by combining an auxiliary verb ("helping verb") with the gerund (equivalent of the present participle) of the main verb.
Está ("He/She is") + comiendo ("eating").
The helping verb estar is the same as the English language "to be," and is used in the present indicative tense to course the present progressive:
| yo estoy | nosotros estamos |
| tú estás | vosotros estáis |
| él, ella, Ud. está | ellos, ellas, Uds. están |
The gerund usually ends with either -ando for -AR verbs or -iendo for -IR and -ER verbs in Spanish. The gerund ends in "-ing" in English language.
| Infinitive | Gerundio | English |
|---|---|---|
| llegar | llegando | arriving |
| partir | partiendo | leaving |
| comer | comiendo | eating |
The terminate result is a direct translation that's equivalent in English and Castilian in form (though not always in its advisable usage – see below!).
Estamos saliendo. Nosotros are leaving.
Note that the past participle is like to the gerund (present participle) and is used to form compound tenses taking place in the past with the auxiliary verb haber ("to have").
Example: "to run" Infinitive: correr Present participle a.k.a. gerundio: corriendo ("running") Past participle a.k.a. participio: corrido ("run")
He participado en muchas carreras. I have participated in many races.
For reflexive verbs or when using a pronoun, you tin place it either before the auxiliary verb estar or tack it onto the terminate of the gerund:
Me estoy lavando las manos. Estoy lavándome las manos. I'm washing my hands.
Notation that when y'all add the pronoun to the end of the gerund, a written emphasis is added to the á in this case to maintain the stress on that sound.
Irregular Gerunds
Not all Castilian verbs play by the rules. Irregular verbs don't follow the dominant pattern; in fact, some don't follow much of a design at all. But we'll give you lot a few clues to the patterns that do be!
Stalk-Changing -IR Verbs
1 category of irregular verbs is known as "stem-changing" verbs, which means that their stem usually undergoes a master alter from the infinitive form to their conjugated forms. The stem can change in dissimilar ways depending on the tense.
Infinitive: dormir Regular stalk: dorm- Nowadays stem change for all except nosotros and vosotros: duerm-
Dormir ("to sleep") in nowadays indicative with stems in bold:
| yo duermo | nosotros dormimos |
| tú duermesouth | vosotros dormís |
| él, ella, Ud. duerme | ellos, ellas, Uds. duermen |
While there are stalk-changing verbs in all 3 categories of Spanish verbs, only -IR verbs continue to change stems in their gerund class.
1 mode to remember how they change is to remember of the stalk changes for the Spanish unproblematic by tense (preterite). -IR verbs that undergo a stalk alter in the tertiary person preterite (él, ella, Ud. and ellos, ellas, Uds.) will accept the aforementioned stem change in the gerundio. These changes are: -e- changes to -i-, or -o- changes to -u-
1. -e- changes to -i- Infinitive: pedir Regular stem: ped- Preterite stalk alter for third person forms: pid- Gerund stem change: pid- Gerund: pid- + -iendo = pidiendo
ii. -o- changes to -u- Infinitive: dormir Regular stem: dorm- Preterite stalk change for third person forms: durm- Gerund stem alter: durm- Gerund: durm- + -iendo = durmiendo
-yendo
Another irregular pattern occurs with -ER or -IR verbs which have stems that stop in a vowel, in which instance -iendo becomes -yendo.
| Infinitive | Gerundio | English language |
|---|---|---|
| caer | cayendo | falling |
| leer | leyendo | reading |
| oír | oyendo | hearing |
| ir* | yendo | going |
Ir ("to become") is a very irregular verb, and though information technology may not follow the exact rule higher up most ending in a vowel, it'due south related plenty to be thrown in with the -yendo verbs.
-endo
If the stem of an -ER or -IR verb ends in -ll or -ñ, -iendo becomes -endo.
| Infinitive | Gerundio | English language |
|---|---|---|
| engullir | engullendo | engulfing/swallowing |
| teñir | tiñendo | dyeing (every bit in to dye textile) |
When to Employ the Nowadays Progressive
The present progressive is more frequently used to evidence some immediacy or urgency in Castilian, such as when someone is in the middle of an activity at that moment. For example, if y'all called your friend and asked what they were upwards to, they could reply:
Estoy cocinando la cena mientras ayudo a mis hijos con su tarea. I'm (in the middle of) cooking dinner while helping my children with their homework.
The extra emphasis could as well exist thought of in terms of this difference:
¿Qué haces? What are you doing (in full general, today/now)?
¿Qué estás haciendo? What in the world are you lot doing (at this moment, as yous notice them doing something)?
Present progressive can be used to talk nigh something that occurs repeatedly.
Ella siempre está haciendo cosas extrañas. She is always doing strange things.
Though information technology seems slightly opposite to the state of affairs stated above, the present progressive can too be used to show that something is unusual or doesn't habitually happen, particularly in contrast to another activity. In this way, it tin be seen every bit like to English, because the present indicative in English has a bit of a habitual connotation.
Normalmente ella camina por el parque, pero hoy está caminando por la pista de atletismo. Normally she walks [nowadays indicative] in the park, but today she'due south walking [present progressive] at the running track.
Exist enlightened that since English often uses nowadays progressive as its go-to present tense, the nowadays progressive of "to go" is used to talk most things in the near future that are relatively sure. Spanish also uses its go-to present form (present indicative) to do the aforementioned thing. Make sure you don't accidentally use present progressive in these cases:
Voy a ir al cinematics. I am going to go to the cinema.
Knowing when to use nowadays progressive versus nowadays indicative is something that heavily depends on the context. The best way to become a feel for when it's appropriate is to pay attention to native speakers' usage, which you can do by listening to podcasts, post-obit Spanish speakers on social media, or using Castilian recipes when cooking. Afterwards absorbing lots of Spanish media, quiz yourself by doing an interactive class similar Lingvist's online Spanish form. Before you know it, you'll be naturally aware of the stardom between which deportment are "progressive"!
Present Progressive Form Of Leer,
Source: https://lingvist.com/course/learn-spanish-online/resources/spanish-present-progressive/
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